Supporting the Navy through Model-Based Systems Engineering: The Development of a Human Factors and Ergonomics Framework for Unmanned Surface Vehicles

The research presented in this thesis focuses on developing a Human Factors and Ergonomics (HF/E) requirements framework for Unmanned Surface Vehicles (USVs) within the United States Navy (USN). This study leveraged Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) software and a "Systems Thinking" approach for framework construction. This study highlights the need to integrate HF/E considerations as fundamental design requirements rather than afterthoughts in the development of autonomous maritime systems.

USVs, as a core component of the Navy’s fleet and a growing capability, introduce challenges related to human oversight, trust, and operational control. The study argues that overlooking HF/E elements in their design can lead to:

• Decreased safety and situational awareness
• Higher cognitive workload for operators
• Inefficient manned-unmanned teaming (MUM-T)

The thesis also aligns with the USN’s Digital Engineering Transformation Strategy (DSETS), which advocates for transitioning from document-centric to model-based design and development processes. This shift enhances system interoperability, lifecycle management, and operational effectiveness.

This thesis offers a pioneering digital framework that ensures HF/E principles become an intrinsic part of USV development, enhancing efficiency, safety, and mission success. The validated framework/model consists of 117 HF/E requirements, 11 essential components, and six generic functions. The model provides decision-makers and engineers with a modifiable and usable framework to embed HF/E considerations into USV design.