<b>Towards Advanced Implantable Microsystem for Minimally-invasive and Precise Neuromodulation</b>

<p dir="ltr">Neuromodulation is increasingly utilized to rehabilitate a variety of biological functions, particularly in patients with severe or chronic diseases for whom other treatment options, including medication, have proven ineffective. Nevertheless, due to concerns about the cost and safety of surgical processes, many are hesitant to proceed with this option. Concerns particularly arise from the potential displacement of the electrode caused by movements at the target site due to air infiltration or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) loss during surgery. Additional complications such as device malfunctions, inadequate anchoring of the lead, Twiddler’s phenomenon, and the presence of intracranial air (pneumocephalus) may also contribute to electrode migration. This misalignment can lead to off-target effects that can have severe repercussions for patients. To address these issues, we have developed two novel platforms and accompanying surgical strategies to enable safer, more accurate, and easier implantation. To achieve these multifaceted objectives, we designed a stretchable thin-film electronic device using polyimide-based microfabrication techniques, which is compliant to other functional medical platforms. By integrating this device with silicone catheter and adhesive hydrogel, we have endowed the device with new functionality that facilitates novel implantation methodologies. Additionally, the third research objective of combining fractal design and surface roughening methodology led to the successful development of a highly stable stimulating electrode.</p>