<p dir="ltr">Metals play intricate and paradoxical role in the function of central nervous system, being vital for physiological processes yet highly neurotoxic when dysregulated. This dissertation examines the quantitative spatial mapping, chemical speciation of mercury (Hg), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) in the brain through advanced synchrotron radiation-based X-ray fluorescence (XRF) microscopy complemented with X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy, and immunohistochemistry (IHC).</p>